Abstract The subclavian artery is a significant branch of the aortic arch. We present a rare case of a bilateral variation in the branching pattern of the subclavian artery, observed in an adult male cadaver aged 70 years. On both the sides of the neck, all the branches of the subclavian artery took their origin from its first part. There was a rare occurrence of a cervicodorsoscapular trunk, which gave rise to superficial cervical, suprascapular, and dorsal scapular arteries. The same branching pattern was observed on the left side of the neck, with the presence of another cervicodorsoscapular trunk. Thyrocervical trunk and transverse cervical artery were both absent from the cervical region bilaterally. The inferior thyroid artery was a direct branch from the subclavian artery. Knowledge regarding variations of the subclavian artery is very important as lateral cervical region arteries are important for flap harvesting in plastic and reconstruction surgery. Preoperative radiologic evaluation of pedicles might help in choosing the optimal flap design, prevent ischemic complications, and help to improve overall treatment outcomes.

Resumo A artéria subclávia é um ramo significativo do arco da aorta. Apresentamos um caso raro de variação bilateral do padrão de ramificação da artéria subclávia, observada em um cadáver adulto do sexo masculino de 70 anos. Em ambos os lados do pescoço, todos os ramos da artéria subclávia originavam-se de sua primeira parte. Houve rara ocorrência de tronco escapular cervical dorsal, que deu origem às artérias cervical superficial, supraescapular e escapular dorsal. O mesmo padrão de ramificação foi observado no lado esquerdo do pescoço, com a presença de tronco escapular cervical dorsal. O tronco tireocervical e a artéria cervical transversa estavam ausentes em ambas as regiões cervicais direita e esquerda. A artéria tireóidea inferior consistia em um ramo direto da artéria subclávia. O conhecimento das variações da artéria subclávia é fundamental, pois as artérias da região cervical lateral são importantes para a obtenção de retalhos em cirurgias plásticas e reconstrutivas. A avaliação radiológica pré-operatória dos pedículos pode ajudar na escolha do desenho ideal do retalho, prevenir complicações isquêmicas e ajudar a melhorar o resultado geral do tratamento.

ABSTRACT This paper presents the behaviour of cation and anion in samples of water collected from the coastal blocks of Tiruvallur District, Tamilnadu, India. 13 physiochemical parameters are investigated on the uniformly collected groundwater samples. It is revealed that fifty percentage of groundwater samples surpassed water quality levels pertaining to drinking and irrigation. In this investigation, descriptive statistical analysis is performed to understand groundwater characteristics. The hydro-chemical dynamics of groundwater are evaluated using graphical plots Piper, Wilcox, and Gibbs. Through the Piper plot, it is concluded that high concentrations of sodium would induce cation exchange between Ca2+ and Mg2+ from the soil. This may lead to the acceleration of air and water circulation through the soil in wet conditions. The inference of the Piper plot is supported by end result of Gibbs plot. Gibbs plot indicates evaporation dominance of anthropogenic activities, while Wilcox plot clearly indicates groundwater’s suitability for irrigation purposes. Moreover, the cation concentration is seen to be high on the eastern portion of the chosen area. The level of groundwater treatment should be adequately determined for potable purposes and for agricultural purposes as the study concludes the intrusion of saline water, rock water interaction and irrigation flows.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis afflicts millions of people world wide. Chronic and complex, of multifactorial aetiology and insidious progress, creating huge medical and economic burdens it may lead to innumerable sequelae. Increased life expectancies complicate the demographics. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of digital panoramic radiographs as a triage screening tool for osteoporotic changes, using the Image J software. DESIGN AND METHODS: Evaluation of 150 digital panoramic radiographs of female patients referred for routine radiological imaging and stratified into three groups by age (A: 20-40 years, B: 41-60 years, and C: >61 years respectively). The panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical width (MCW) and pixel intensity (PI), were recorded for each image using the Image J software (1.48v) and assessed for correlation with increasing age and between the indices. RESULTS: Statistically significant associations were found between the indices and with patients' age. Abnormal (divergent) readings increased with advancing age. CONCLUSIONS: Routine digital panoramic radiographs can provide useful preliminary information with respect to the risk of a female developing osteoporosis. There is potential for triage screening and subsequent referral, at no additional costs. The patient's age is an important risk indicator for osteoporosis.

Abstract: Social media platforms are now widely used by the people to express their opinion or interest. The language used by the users in social media earlier was purely English. Code-mixed text, i.e., mixing of two or more languages, is commonly seen now. In code-mixed data, one language will be written using another language script. So to process such code-mixed text, identification of language used in each word is important for language processing. The main objective of the work is to propose a technique for identifying the language of Hindi-English code-mixed data used in three social media platforms namely, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp. The classification of Hindi-English code-mixed data into Hindi, English, Named Entity, Acronym, Universal, Mixed (Hindi along with English) and Undefined tags were performed. Popular word embedding features were used for the representation of each word. Two kinds of embedding features were considered - word-based embedding features and character-based context features. The proposed method was done with the addition of context information along with the embedding features. A well-known machine learning classifier, Support Vector Machine was used to train and test the system. The work on Language Identification in code-mixed text using character-based embedding is a novel approach and shows promising results.

Abstract The phenomenon of reflection and refraction is studied at the welded interface between two different porous solids. One is saturated with single non-viscous fluid and other is saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids. The incidence of Pf, Ps or SV wave through porous solid saturated with non-viscous fluid results in the three reflected waves and the four waves refracted to porous medium saturated with two immiscible viscous fluids. For the presence of viscosity in pore-fluids, the waves refracted to corresponding medium attenuate in the direction normal to the interface. It is also revealed that for the post-critical incidence of Ps wave, the reflected Pf and SV waves becomes evanescent and for the post-critical incidence of SV wave, the reflected Pf wave becomes evanescent. While, the occurrence of critical incidence is not observed for the incidence of Pf wave. The ratios of amplitudes of reflected and refracted waves to that of incident wave are expressed through a non-singular system of linear algebraic equations. These amplitude ratios are used further to calculate the shares of different scattered waves in the energy of incident wave. For a particular numerical model, the energy shares are computed for incident direction varying from normal incidence to grazing incidence. The conservation of energy across the interface is verified. Effects of non-wet saturation of pores, frequency of wave and porosity on the energy partitions are depicted graphically and discussed.

The mathematical model for wave motion in a fractured porous solid is solved for the propagation of harmonic plane wave along a general direction in 3-D space. The solution is obtained in the form of Christoffel equations, which are solved further to define the complex velocities and polarisations of five attenuated wavesin the medium. Four of these waves are longitudinal waves and the one is transverse wave. For any of these five attenuated waves, a general inhomogeneous propagation is considered with a complex specification of slowness vector involving a finite non-dimensional inhomogeneity parameter. The phase velocities and attenuation coefficients are calculated for the inhomogeneous propagation of each of the five attenuated waves in the medium. A numerical example is studies to analyse the effect of wave frequency, saturating pore-fluid, volume fraction of fractures and inhomogeneity parameter on the phase velocity and attenuation. The phenomenon of reflection is studied to calculate the partitionof wave-induced energy incident at the plane boundary of the fractured porous solid. The effect of wave frequency, volume fraction of fractures, saturating pore-fluid and inhomogeneity parameter on the energy partition are studied in the numerical example.

The abnormal origin, presence of additional head and layered arrangement of fibers are the reported variations of sternocleidomastoid muscle in the past. In the present case we report a rare unusual origin of third head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in a 60 year-old male cadaver. This additional head originated from the investing layer of cervical fascia in the roof of the subclavian triangle close to the clavicle and traversed obliquely upward, forward and fused with clavicular head. The insertion and nerve supply of the muscle was found to be normal.

El origen anormal, presencia de una cabeza adicional y disposición en capas de fibras son las variaciones reportadas del músculo esternocleidomastoideo. En el presente estudio, se presenta un origen poco habitual de la tercera cabeza del músculo esternocleidomastoideo en un cadáver de sexo masculino de 60 años. La cabeza supernumeraria se originaba en la lámina superficial de la fascia cervical en el techo del triángulo subclavio próximo de la clavícula y cruzaba oblicuamente hacia arriba y adelante para fusionarse con la cabeza clavicular. La inserción e inervación del músculo eran normales.

The communications between the branches of cervical plexus and cervical branch of facial nerve are common and are well known. However, this communication usually occurs between the transverse cervical nerve and cervical branch of facial nerve. During routine dissection classes for the Medical undergraduate students, we came across an anatomical variant of anterior division of great auricular nerve. This variation was found in a 60-year-old male cadaver of South Indian origin and it was unilateral. The great auricular nerve arose from the loop of ventral rami of C2 and C3 spinal nerves and divided into anterior and posterior branches. The anterior branch ran obliquely upwards and forwards on the surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle along with the external jugular vein towards the apex of parotid gland and divided into many branches. One of these branches gave a communicating branch to cervical branch of facial nerve outside the parotid gland. Nerve endings of the remaining branches were found to penetrate the interlobular septa and a few of them were seen deep in the gland along the ducts and near the vessels. The functional significance of anatomic variations of nerve endings in relation to ducts, thin vessels deep in the parotid gland, observed in the present case are yet to be evaluated.

Las comunicaciones entre los ramos del plexo cervical y ramo cervical del nervio facial son comunes y bien conocidos. Sin embargo, esta comunicación por lo general ocurre entre el nervio cervical transverso y el ramo cervical del nervio facial. Durante las clases de disección de rutina para los estudiantes de pregrado de medicina, nos encontramos con una variante anatómica de la división anterior del nervio auricular mayor, unilateral, en un cadáver de sexo masculino de 60 años, del Sur de la India. El nervio auricular mayor se originó desde el bucle de los ramos ventrales de los nervios espinales C2 y C3, y dividió en ramos anterior y posterior. El ramo anterior se dirigió oblicuamente hacia arriba y adelante sobre la superficie del músculo esternocleidomastoideo junto con la vena yugular externa hacia el ápice de la glándula parótida y se dividió en numerosos ramos terminales. Uno de estos ramos dió un ramo comunicante al ramo cervical del nervio facial fuera de la glándula parótida. Las terminaciones nerviosas de los ramos restantes penetraron en los septos interlobulares. Algunos de éstos se observaron profundos en la glándula a lo largo de los conductos y cerca de los vasos. La importancia funcional de las variaciones anatómicas de las terminaciones nerviosas en relación a los conductos y vasos finos profundos en la glándula parótida aquí observados aún no se han evaluado.

The machining of titanium alloys poses several inherent difficulties owing to their unique mechanical properties and cutting characteristics. Finite element (FE) simulations have reduced the burden of extensive experimental trials in understanding the deformation behavior and optimize the cutting process. The FE code relies on the qualitative nature of inputs such as material flow stress model, friction conditions, fracture criterions and the accuracy of the modeling process. The aim of this paper is to assess the performance of four material model sets of the Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive equation in modeling the deformation behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy. The FE output at steady state conditions is compared with results from orthogonal cutting experiments on a tube of the work material. The effect of the parameters of the JC law and the capabilities of the constitutive equation are analyzed. The FE model is excellent in predicting the effective stress, strain and temperature, but produces marginal deviations in cutting force and chip morphology predictions and under predicts the feed forces. The material model constants computed through an evolutionary computational optimization process and those with conditions similar to machining produced good correlation with experiments.

A few mixed ligand transition metal carbodithioate complexes of the general formula [M(4-MPipzcdt)x(phen)y]Y (M = Mn(II), Co(II), Zn(II); 4-MPipzcdt = 4-methylpiperazine-1-carbodithioate; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; x = 1 and y = 2 when Y = Cl; x = 2 and y = 1 when Y = nil) were synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus andEnterococcusfaecalis by disk diffusion method. All the complexes exhibited prominent antimicrobial activity against tested pathogenic strains with the MIC values in the range <8-512 μgmL-1. The complexes [Mn(4-MPipzcdt)2(phen)] and [Co(4-MPipzcdt)(phen)2]Cl inhibited the growth of Candida albicans at a concentration as low as 8 µgmL-1.The complexes were also evaluated for their toxicity towards human transformed rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD cells). Moderate cell viability of the RD cells was exhibited against the metal complexes.

Synthesis of 2-(aminoacid ester)-3-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3,2λ5-benzoxazaphosphinin-2-thiones (3a-j) was accomplished through a two-step process. It involves the prior preparation of 2-chloro-3-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3,2λ5-benzoxazaphosphinin-2-thione monochloride (2) and its subsequent reaction with the aminoacid ester hydrochlorides in dry tetrahydrofuran-toluene in the presence of triethylamine at various temperatures. These compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H, 13C, 31P NMR and mass spectral data.

Syntheses of novel 3-[1-(3-nitrophenyl)-ethyl]-1-(indole-1-yl) substituted aryl/alkyl phosphinoyl/thiophosphinoyl/ selenophosphinoyl-1H-indole derivatives were accomplished in two steps. The synthetic route involves the cyclisation of equimolar quantities of 3-[1H-3-indolyl(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1H-indole with dichlorophenyl phosphine/ethyldichlorophosphite in the presence of triethylamine in dry acetonitrile at room temperature. These compounds were further converted to the corresponding oxides, sulphides and selenides by reacting them with hydrogen peroxide, sulphur and selenium, respectively. The structures of the novel products were established by elemental analyses, IR, ¹H, 13C and 31P NMR and mass spectroscopy. They were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus/Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pellicularia solmanicolor/Macrophomina phaseolina, respectively.

Franck-Condon factors (vibrational transition probabilities) and r-centroids have been evaluated by a numerical integration procedure for the bands of A 0+g - X ¹sigma+, B 0+g - X ¹sigma+ systems of AuH and A 0+ - X ¹sigma+ system of AuD molecules using a suitable potential. The physical and astrophysical significances of our evaluated Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids have also been discussed, which would be helpful in the prediction of the presence of AuH and AuD molecules in various celestial bodies.